History Of The Scream Queen
Image Source: IMDb
The term “Scream Queen” is recognizable by everyone, even those who aren’t fans of the genre. It is a term that is as synonymous with horror as jump scares or murder, but what does it mean, and where did it originate? For the fifth and final entry in my History of series, we are going to take a look at where this term comes from and how it has evolved over the decades.
Typically, I would kick off this article by giving you the definition of a scream queen, but when the term first came about, there wasn’t really a definition for it. The term was simply used to refer to a female character in a horror film that screamed. The very first scream queen was Fay Wray, and the title was given to her after she starred in 1933’s King Kong. After filming on the movie had been completed, she spent an entire day in the studio, just recording different variations of her scream to be used in the film. She admitted during an interview years later that she actually hated being called a scream queen because it resulted in her being typecast in Hollywood. Every time she would walk into an audition, they would ask her to scream even if the role didn’t call for it.
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Image Source: IMDb
For decades, the scream queen was a damsel in distress that needed saving and spent the majority of her film simply screaming and waiting for help. It wouldn’t be until 1978 when this panicked damsel would be turned into something more. Jamie Lee Curtis’ role in Halloween showed that the scream queen could also be a fighter. In the film, we saw her screaming and running for help, but she didn’t just sit and wait for it to arrive. Curtis’ character stabbed the masked villain multiple times throughout the film and protected two children in the process. We started to see more and more of this version of the scream queen as slasher horror films became more popular throughout the 80s. Heather Langenkamp’s role in 1984’s A Nightmare on Elm Street added another layer to the scream queen when her motivations for the film weren’t simply to survive but to learn who was chasing her and why. The title of scream queen no longer resulted in actresses being typecast, and instead, many of these roles acted as launching pads for the careers of these actresses.
In 1992, a new name for these female characters was introduced, and it is the one that we use most frequently. Carol Clover introduced the term “final girl” in her book Men, Women, and Chainsaws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film. She also gave us the definition that we still use today: “the single surviving female in a horror movie who tended to be pretty and virginal but was smarter and more resourceful than her predecessors”.
Since 1992, final girls have not only become fan favorites, but the term has become a badge of honor and not a death certificate for an actress’ career. The term scream queen has now become a label for actresses who have appeared in multiple horror films, many of whom have also aided in the evolution of female characters in the genre. The evolution of the term has continued into 2024, with many in the horror community wanting to introduce the terms “scream king” and “final guy” into the mix. This would allow for the incredible male actors and characters of the genre to get some recognition. I personally love this idea and think that the first official scream king should be Matthew Lillard!
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Source(s): Slate
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History Of The Creature Feature
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Creature features are one of the most least talked about subgenres of horror. These films have also been referred to as monster movies and have been around longer than most of the other subgenres we have. The films lean heavily into folklore and urban legends which in many cases makes them scarier than a film featuring an ax-wielding maniac. For part three of my series, we are going to dive into the history of the creature feature. Make sure you check out parts one and two!
To start, let’s look at what a creature feature actually is. They are defined as a horror film in which one or more monsters play a prominent role. This is a fairly loose definition which is why we have many films such as Jaws that are technically considered horror even though that doesn’t seem like the right classification. One of the most interesting and unique things about creature features is that they evoke a sympathy for the “villain” that you don’t get with most other subgenres of horror. Most of the “monsters” that are featured in these films are innocent creatures that were either brought back to life, removed from their homes, or had their homes invaded by humans who then decided that they are evil. Films like Univeral’s The Mummy from 1932 saw Imhotep resurrected by archaeologists who were then terrified of him. The Creature in The Creature from the Black Lagoon has his home invaded by humans who then attack him. These films are much more complex than many other horror films which is what makes them so special.
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The first creature feature was a German silent film created in 1915. Der Golem “The Monster of Fate” was based loosely on Jewish folklore and saw a clay statue brought to life who went crazy when the women he loved did not reciprocate his affection. After the creation of moving pictures, filmmakers focused heavily on bringing folklore to life which is why most of the monsters we have today can be traced back to folklore and urban legends from around the world. In 1922, another silent German film was released that would lay the blueprint for most of the vampire and werewolf films we have today. Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror was the unauthorized retelling of Bram Stoker’s Dracula and dove into the idea that we could be afraid of ourselves, and sometimes that was scarier than any monster.
The biggest breakthrough for creature features wouldn’t come until eleven years later when American filmmakers started creating their own monsters. In 1933, King Kong was released and took audiences by storm through its use of special effects to make the monster look more real than anything we had seen before. This film is what paved the way for other creature features like 1953’s The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms and 1954’s The Creature from the Black Lagoon. The 1950s saw Japanese filmmakers joining the party when their Kaiju “giant monster” films grabbed Western audiences attention with their larger than life creature, Godzilla. Not only did King Kong and Godzilla lay the groundwork for future creatures, but they also became their own incredible franchises.
Unlike most other subgenres the creature feature has never slowed in popularity. Since they first hit the big screen in 1915, we have had a steady flow of new creatures. Films like Jaws and Jurassic Park stuck to the framework laid by Godzilla and King Kong while films like Dracula followed the framework of Nosferatu. One of the most exciting things about 2024 is that we are seeing a resurgence of the classic monsters with Nosferatu hitting theaters this Christmas, and The Creature from the Black Lagoon, Bride of Frankenstein, and The Wolfman all seeing remakes already in the works. Like the creatures in their films, this subgenre is never going to die.
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History Of The Slasher Film
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When most people think of horror films, their minds drift to characters like Michael Myers, Jason Voorhees, and Freddy Krueger. Little do they know that those are actually only a small part of the horror genre, and they are officially classified as slashers. The slasher film is one of the most recognizable subgenres of horror, but few people know the history of the genre. For the month of October, I will be doing a five-part series about the history of the horror genre. For part one, we are going to dive into the history of the slasher film!
To start, let's talk about what a slasher film actually is. A slasher film is a film that follows a serial killer who is the, or one of, the main character(s). The killer has a backstory and a specific victim preference, kills with a specific weapon, and is typically masked. If you think of any classic slasher villain, you can check each of these boxes. The first slasher film was Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho. Not only was this the first film to feature explicit violence, but it was also the first horror film that featured the killer as the main character and gave the killer a backstory. This film led to countless horror films, but we didn’t see another boom in the subgenre until 1978, when John Carpenter gave us Halloween. This film did more for the slasher genre than almost any other film. It was the first film to give structure to a slasher film, but it was also the first to get an immediate sequel and the first to introduce the idea of the “unkillable killer”.
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Halloween led to the golden era of slashers, where we were treated to Friday the 13th, Child’s Play, and A Nightmare on Elm Street. We also got a sequel to Psycho and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre. This also led to the golden era of practical effects, which were forced to improve thanks to the creativity and gore being introduced with the new films. Unfortunately, all good things must come to an end, and as the golden era began to fade, we saw the slasher genre dying like so many of their killers’ victims. Too many sequels, remakes, and copies of the classics led to an oversaturation of the genre. Fans began begging for something new, but it would take almost two decades for that to happen.
Wes Craven and Kevin Williamson are horror legends, and they are the saviors of the slasher genre. In 1996, they gave us Scream, which was not only a completely original slasher film but also created the idea of a self-aware slasher movie. While the characters made fun of the “rules” and stereotypes in slasher films, they also created the idea of killing for the purpose of recreating their favorite films. Now, almost three decades since the resurrection of the slasher genre, we find ourselves in another comeback. In the mid-2000s, we saw another over-saturation of slasher films, but in the last few years, we have started seeing writers and directors getting creative with the source material. Films like Fear Street and Terrifier have created entirely unique stories for audiences that were becoming bored. The slasher genre is my favorite movie genre, and I am so excited to see all the new slasher films that are expected to be released in the next few months!
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Source(s): Buzzsaw Magazine
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